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1. Which:

   • "Which" is a relative pronoun used to introduce non-restrictive or non-defining clauses, providing additional information about the noun it follows. These clauses are set off by commas and can be omitted without changing the essential meaning of the sentence.
   • Example: "She bought a new car, which she had been saving for all year." Here, "which she had been saving for all year" provides additional information about the noun "car," but it is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
   • Example: "The book, which was published last year, became an instant bestseller." In this sentence, "which was published last year" provides additional information about the book but is not necessary for understanding the main point.

2. That:

   • "That" is a relative pronoun used to introduce restrictive or defining clauses, which provide essential information about the noun it follows. These clauses are not set off by commas and cannot be omitted without changing the essential meaning of the sentence.
   • Example: "The book that you recommended is excellent." Here, "that you recommended" is necessary for identifying which book is being referred to.
   • Example: "The house that we visited last week is for sale." In this sentence, "that we visited last week" specifies which house is being discussed and is essential for understanding the main point.